Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry. 32nd official report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (1990-2022).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This article presents the annual activity report of the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) for the year 2022. METHODS: All Spanish centers with catheterization laboratories were invited to participate. Data were collected online and were analyzed by an external company in collaboration with the members of the board of the ACI-SEC. RESULTS: A total of 111 centers participated. The number of diagnostic studies increased by 4.8% compared with 2021, while that of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) remained stable. PCIs on the left main coronary artery increased by 22%. The radial approach continued to be preferred for PCI (94.9%). There was an upsurge in the use of drug-eluting balloons, as well as in intracoronary imaging techniques, which were used in 14.7% of PCIs. The use of pressure wires also increased (6.3% vs 2021) as did plaque modification techniques. Primary PCI continued to grow and was the most frequent treatment (97%) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Most noncoronary procedures maintained their upward trend, particularly percutaneous aortic valve implantation, atrial appendage closure, mitral/tricuspid edge-to-edge therapy, renal denervation, and percutaneous treatment of pulmonary arterial disease. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish cardiac catheterization and coronary intervention registry for 2022 reveals a rise in the complexity of coronary disease, along with a notable growth in procedures for valvular and nonvalvular structural heart disease.

Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis and Obstruction Secondary to COVID-19.

Patients with COVID-19 may present a hypercoagulable state, with an important impact on morbidity and mortality. Because of this situation pulmonary embolism is a frequent complication during the course of infection. We present the case of a patient recently discharged, after admission with confirmed COVID-19, who developed a pulmonary embolism and thrombosis of a biological mitral valve prosthesis, producing valve obstruction and stenosis. After 15 days of anticoagulant treatment, resolution of the thrombus and normalisation of prosthetic valve function was observed. This case supports current recommendations of administering full-dose anticoagulation therapy to COVID-19 patients with biological heart valve prosthesis, even after the acute phase of infection.

Reparación mitral transcatéter según la etiología de la insuficiencia mitral: datos de la vida real procedentes del registro español de MitraClip / Transcatheter mitral repair according to the cause of mitral regurgitation: real-life data from the Spanish MitraClip registry

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La reparación de la válvula mitral transcatéter (RVMT) con el sistema MitraClip es un tratamiento para los pacientes con insuficiencia mitral (IM) grave de alto riesgo quirúrgico. El objetivo principal fue analizar los resultados del RVMT en pacientes con IM grave, según la etiología. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y multicéntrico con inclusión de pacientes consecutivos. El objetivo primario fue el combinado de mortalidad por todas las causas y reingresos hospitalarios por insuficiencia cardiaca al año. Se compararon las características clínicas y del procedimiento y los eventos para cada grupo de IM. Se realizó un análisis multivariable para determinar las variables asociadas con el objetivo primario. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a 558 pacientes; 364 (65,2%) tenían etiología funcional; 111 (19,9%), degenerativa, y 83 (14,9%), mixta. La media de edad fue 72,8±11,1 años y eran varones el 70,3%. Respecto al objetivo primario, hubo 95 (17%) eventos en toda la serie. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los 3 grupos en el número de eventos del objetivo primario: 11 (11,3%) en la IM degenerativa, 71 (21,3%) en la funcional y 13 (18,1%) en la mixta (p = 0,101). Los predictores independientes fueron la clase funcional (p = 0,029), la revascularización quirúrgica previa (p = 0,031), el EuroSCORE II (p = 0,003), la diabetes mellitus (p = 0,037) y la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (p = 0,015). CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo confirma con datos de la práctica clínica la seguridad y la eficacia de la RVMT independientemente de la etiología de la IM y se documentan los principales factores asociados con el pronóstico durante el primer año de seguimiento

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) with MitraClip is a therapeutic option for high surgical risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). The main objective of this study was to analyze differences in outcomes in patients with severe MR according to the cause of MR. METHODS: Observational, multicenter, and prospective study with consecutive patient inclusion. The primary endpoint was the combination of all-cause mortality and new readmissions due to heart failure after 1 year. We compared clinical and procedural characteristics and the event rate for each MR group. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify predictive variables for the primary endpoint. RESULTS: A total of 558 patients were included: 364 (65.2%) with functional etiology, 111 (19.9%) degenerative and 83 (14.9%) mixed. The mean age was 72.8±11.1 years and 70.3% of the sample were men. There were 95 (17%) events in the overall sample. No significant differences were found in the 3 groups in the number of primary outcome events: 11 (11.3%) in degenerative MR, 71 (21.3%) in functional MR, and 13 (18.1%) in mixed MR (P=.101). Independent predictors were functional class (P=.029), previous surgical revascularization (P=.031), EuroSCORE II (P=.003), diabetes mellitus (P=.037), and left ventricular ejection fraction (P=.015). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the safety and efficacy of TMVR with MitraClip irrespective of MR etiology in real-life data and shows the main factors related to prognosis during the first year of follow up

Transcatheter Mitral Repair for Functional Mitral Regurgitation According to Left Ventricular Function: A Real-Life Propensity-Score Matched Study.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) could improve survival in functional mitral regurgitation (FMR), but it is necessary to consider the influence of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Therefore, we compare the outcomes after TMVR with Mitraclip® between two groups according to LVEF. METHODS: In an observational registry study, we compared the outcomes in patients with FMR who underwent TMVR with and without LVEF <30%. The primary endpoint was the combined one-year all-cause mortality and unplanned hospital readmissions due to HF. The secondary end-points were New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and mitral regurgitation (MR) severity. Propensity-score matching was used to create two groups with the same baseline characteristics, except for baseline LVEF. RESULTS: Among 535 FMR eligible patients, 144 patients with LVEF <30% (group 1) and 144 with LVEF >30% (group 2) had similar propensity scores and were included in the analyses. The primary study endpoint was significantlly higher in group 1 (33.3% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.002). There was a maintained improvement in secondary endpoints without significant differences among groups. CONCLUSION: FMR patients with LVEF <30% treated with MitraClip® had higher mortality and readmissions than patients with LVEF ≥30% treated with the same device. However, both groups improved the NYHA functional class and MR severity.

Transcatheter mitral repair according to the cause of mitral regurgitation: real-life data from the Spanish MitraClip registry.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) with MitraClip is a therapeutic option for high surgical risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). The main objective of this study was to analyze differences in outcomes in patients with severe MR according to the cause of MR. METHODS: Observational, multicenter, and prospective study with consecutive patient inclusion. The primary endpoint was the combination of all-cause mortality and new readmissions due to heart failure after 1 year. We compared clinical and procedural characteristics and the event rate for each MR group. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify predictive variables for the primary endpoint. RESULTS: A total of 558 patients were included: 364 (65.2%) with functional etiology, 111 (19.9%) degenerative and 83 (14.9%) mixed. The mean age was 72.8±11.1 years and 70.3% of the sample were men. There were 95 (17%) events in the overall sample. No significant differences were found in the 3 groups in the number of primary outcome events: 11 (11.3%) in degenerative MR, 71 (21.3%) in functional MR, and 13 (18.1%) in mixed MR (P=.101). Independent predictors were functional class (P=.029), previous surgical revascularization (P=.031), EuroSCORE II (P=.003), diabetes mellitus (P=.037), and left ventricular ejection fraction (P=.015). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the safety and efficacy of TMVR with MitraClip irrespective of MR etiology in real-life data and shows the main factors related to prognosis during the first year of follow up.

Trombosis muy tardía de un stent bioabsorbible / Very late thrombosis of a bioresorbable scaffold

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Síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes con arterias coronarias normales: estudio con tomografía de coherencia óptica / Acute coronary syndrome in patients with normal coronary arteries: an optical coherence tomography study

No disponible

Los niveles en sangre de PGC-1alfa predice miocardio salvado y remodelado ventricular tras infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST / Blood pgc-1α concentration predicts myocardial salvage and ventricular remodeling after st-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

Introducción y objetivos: El coactivador 1alfa del receptor activado gamma del proliferador de peroxisoma (PGC-1alfa) es un regulador metabólico que se induce durante la isquemia y previene el remodelado cardiaco en modelos animales. Su actividad puede estimarse en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el valor predictivo de los niveles en sangre de PGC-1α en la extensión del área necrótica y el remodelado ventricular tras infarto. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 31 pacientes con primer infarto de miocardio de localización anterior y reperfusión exitosa. Se determinó la expresión de PGC-1α en sangre periférica al ingreso y a las 72 h, evaluando su correlación con el daño miocárdico y el volumen ventricular y la función sistólica a los 6 meses. El edema y la necrosis miocárdica se estimaron mediante resonancia magnética cardiaca durante la primera semana. A los 6 meses, una resonancia de control evaluó tamaño del infarto y remodelado ventricular, definido como el incremento > 10% del volumen telediastólico del ventrículo izquierdo. Se definió miocardio salvado como la diferencia entre las áreas de edema y de necrosis. Resultados: Se observó más miocardio salvado en los pacientes con expresión de PGC-1α detectable al ingreso (el 18,3% ± 5,3% frente al 4,5% ± 3,9%; p = 0,04). La inducción de PGC-1α a las 72 h se correlacionó con mayor remodelado ventricular (variación del volumen telediastólico del ventrículo izquierdo a los 6 meses, el 29,7% ± 11,2% frente al 1,2% ± 5,8%; p = 0,04). Conclusiones: El grado de expresión basal de PGC–1α y una respuesta atenuada del sistema tras infarto agudo de miocardio se asocian con más miocardio salvado y predicen menos remodelado ventricular (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a metabolic regulator induced during ischemia that prevents cardiac remodeling in animal models. The activity of PGC-1α can be estimated in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of blood PGC-1α levels in predicting the extent of necrosis and ventricular remodeling after infarction. Methods: In this prospective study of 31 patients with a first myocardial infarction in an anterior location and successful reperfusion, PGC-1α expression in peripheral blood on admission and at 72 hours was correlated with myocardial injury, ventricular volume, and systolic function at 6 months. Edema and myocardial necrosis were estimated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during the first week. At 6 months, infarct size and ventricular remodeling, defined as an increase > 10% of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume, was evaluated by follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Myocardial salvage was defined as the difference between the edema and necrosis areas. Results: Greater myocardial salvage was seen in patients with detectable PGC-1α levels at admission (mean [standard deviation (SD)], 18.3% [5.3%] vs 4.5% [3.9%]; P = .04). Induction of PGC–1α at 72 hours correlated with greater ventricular remodeling (change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume at 6 months, 29.7% [11.2%] vs 1.2% [5.8%]; P = .04). Conclusions: Baseline PGC–1α expression and an attenuated systemic response after acute myocardial infarction are associated with greater myocardial salvage and predict less ventricular remodeling (AU)

Blood PGC-1α Concentration Predicts Myocardial Salvage and Ventricular Remodeling After ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a metabolic regulator induced during ischemia that prevents cardiac remodeling in animal models. The activity of PGC-1α can be estimated in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of blood PGC-1α levels in predicting the extent of necrosis and ventricular remodeling after infarction. METHODS: In this prospective study of 31 patients with a first myocardial infarction in an anterior location and successful reperfusion, PGC-1α expression in peripheral blood on admission and at 72 hours was correlated with myocardial injury, ventricular volume, and systolic function at 6 months. Edema and myocardial necrosis were estimated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during the first week. At 6 months, infarct size and ventricular remodeling, defined as an increase > 10% of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume, was evaluated by follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Myocardial salvage was defined as the difference between the edema and necrosis areas. RESULTS: Greater myocardial salvage was seen in patients with detectable PGC-1α levels at admission (mean [standard deviation (SD)], 18.3% [5.3%] vs 4.5% [3.9%]; P = .04). Induction of PGC-1α at 72 hours correlated with greater ventricular remodeling (change in left ventricular end-diastolic volume at 6 months, 29.7% [11.2%] vs 1.2% [5.8%]; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline PGC-1α expression and an attenuated systemic response after acute myocardial infarction are associated with greater myocardial salvage and predict less ventricular remodeling.

[Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with subclavian stenosis and internal mammary grafts]. / Angioplastia transluminal percutánea en pacientes con estenosis de la arteria subclavia e injertos de arteria mamaria.

Subclavian artery stenosis is an uncommon cause of myocardial ischaemia in patients with internal mammary artery grafts. Coronary subclavian steal and impaired flow through the graft are the two mechanisms implied. We report 2 patients with mammary artery grafts in whom reappraisal of anginal symptoms was related to the presence of proximal subclavian stenoses located just before the origin of the mammary artery grafts. Both patients were successfully treated by percutaneous angioplasty and stent implantation.

Angioplastia transluminal percutánea en pacientes con estenosis de la arteria subclavia e injertos de arteria mamaria / Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with subclavian stenosis and internal mammary Grafts

Una causa infrecuente de isquemia coronaria tras revascularización con injertos de arteria mamaria es la presencia de estenosis en la porción proximal de la subclavia, que puede condicionar un fenómeno de robo coronario o bien limitar el flujo por el injerto. Presentamos los casos de 2 pacientes con injertos de arteria mamaria en los que la reaparición de la sintomatología anginosa se relacionó con la presencia de sendas estenosis de la porción proximal de la arteria subclavia, justo antes de la salida de los injertos de arteria mamaria. Estos pacientes fueron tratados satisfactoriamente mediante angioplastia percutánea e implantación de stents (AU)